Melitus diabetes or diabetes has become the world's health problems. Prevalence and incidence of this disease is increasing dramatically in industrialized countries and developing countries, including Indonesia. In 2003 there were approximately 150 million cases of diabetes in the world, and in the year 2025 is estimated to increase the number to double (WHO, 2003). On the year, the number of diabetics in Indonesia predicted to reach 12 million.
Therefore, prevention efforts and handling of diabetes need to get serious attention. If not, the impact of the disease will take on a variety of disease complications, such as impotensi, heart disease, stroke (the risk 2-4 times higher), high blood pressure, kidney failure, and nervous system damage. This is not only the cost of treatment and treated that expensive, but also resulted in the death rate of diabetes (age-adjusted) reached 1,5-2,5 times higher than the general population.
Diabetes disease that affects many (including 90-95 percent) is a type 2 diabetes, the body that is not producing enough insulin or use insulin to lower blood sugar (glucose). Although can not be cured, for people with this disease can still live normal, if they apply the good management of diabetes. The steps that must be done in such a decrease in body weight for the overweight and obesity, sports or physical exercise regularly, setting a pattern of good eating, avoid the stress and examined the blood sugar.
From strategy, how the first and the second has been successfully convincing the lower the risk of diabetes. Meanwhile, a third, even though many studies show that some food enjoy lower risk of diabetes, up to now there is no special diet for diabetes, which is the effort menormalkan back in blood sugar (60-120 mg / dl).
To achieve that, the settings dietnya should consider body weight and the activities of people with diabetes to determine the amount of calories, the complications, other diseases, the type and amount of food consumed.
As a guide, the amount of calories for women diabetes is ideal body weight (BBI) K.kalori multiplied by 25 plus 20 percent for the event, while for men BBI K.kalori multiplied by 25 plus 20 percent for the event. BBI is calculated with a formula high body (cm) 100 cm reduced reduced 10 percent, but for women under 150 cm and men under 160 cm unnecessary reduced 10 percent more. So, for example, a man with diabetes weight 65 kg and 170 cm high will require as many as 2268 K.kalori. However, if the number of overweight people kalorinya reduced, if the lack of body weight kalorinya added.
A number of calories should be from carbohydrate (60-70 percent), protein (10-15 percent), and fat (20-25 percent) in the food menu in the day-to-day as healthy people. Vitamins and minerals must remain filled despite not produce energy. As a benchmark, one gram of fat / oil can produce 9 K.kalori, whereas carbohydrate and protein each contribute 4 K.kalori / grams of it.
Type of food that has been recommended by the Joint WHO / FAO Expert Consultative (2003) to reduce the risk of diabetes is polisakarida not meet Feed starch (Non-Starch Polysaccharides / NSP) through the consumption of cereal and leguminosa intact, fruits and vegetables. Feed daily minimum of 20 grams. In addition, make sure that the Feed jenuhnya fat does not exceed 10 percent of the total energy and for the high-risk groups, should Feed fat less than 7 percent of total energy.
NSP is often considered synonymous with the fiber food (dietary fiber). Now, the total fiber food is defined as a component of food composed of NSP + resistant starch (resistant starch dissolved) + lignin. Groups including the NSP among cellulose, hemiselulosa, pectin, beta-glukan, fruktan, gum, mucilage (gum), seaweed and polisakarida / alga. Many studies have proven that consumption of foods high NSP (whole grains, vegetables and fruits) successfully reduce the risk of diabetes because it can lower blood sugar levels and insulin and reduce the risk progresi poor glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes.
Food that is rich NSP, especially in the form of terlarut, such as beans (pulse) have glisemik index (IG) is low. IG food with a low, regardless of its NSP womb, not only generate a response to a low blood sugar after a meal, but also improve the overall control in glisemik (measured haemoglobin A1c).
However, low-IG is not the only choice for pengidap diabetes, because the fat content and a high fruktosa on food IG also produce a low, but keep the energy high. Meanwhile, the total fat Feed and a high saturated fat, both associated with the high risk of damage glucose tolerance, high glucose and insulin levels during fasting, and low insulin sensitivity. Instead, Feed saturated fatty acid that is not related to the decrease in high-risk type 2 diabetes and low glucose level and increased insulin sensitivity.
Therefore, the selection of food covered in four healthy food or five in the perfect balance for people with diabetes should consider three aspects, namely the adequacy of calories, consumption of foods high NSP (IG low) and reduce consumption of fat, especially saturated fat. To help determine the selection guidelines can be used (Table).
Once again, for all the food can be eaten by diabetics, as long as able to limit the amount according to their needs. If not, let alone difficult to lower blood sugar, for the safe konsumsilah types of foods that are recommended.
After knowing the type and amount that should be eaten, the next step is to set a schedule to eat. Diabetics should still eat "big" three times (morning, afternoon and evening) plus food three times a distraction so that the lapse / eat three-hour intervals. With the lapse of time, glucose that is signed in muscle cells or tissue.
Instructions for the last diabetics is not easy to stress. This condition may disrupt hormones and the poor performance of organs in the body so that the impact of low production and insulin sensitivity.
And do not forget examined blood sugar so that it can continue to manage it with good diet.
source: kompas
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