Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis can attack anyone (old, young, men, women, poor, or rich) and wherever. Each year, Indonesia is the fourth million new tuberculosis cases and approximately 140,000 deaths occur each year are caused by TB. In fact, Indonesia is the third largest country with a tuberculosis problem in the world.

Tuberculosis prevalence surveys conducted in six provinces in the years 1983-1993 shows that the prevalence of TB in India ranges between 0.2 - 0.65%. The Global tuberculosis tackling report issued by WHO in 2004, the TB incidence in 2002 reached 555,000 cases (256 cases/100.000 population), and 46% among new cases is estimated.

The cause of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infection disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This rod-shaped bacteria and acid-resistant so it is also known as Trunk Hold acid ). The bacteria was first discovered by Robert Koch on 24 March 1882, for the services so that the bacteria is given the name of Koch bacillus. In fact, TB disease in the lungs sometimes referred to as the Koch Pulmonum (KP).

Ways of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis usually spread through the air with included bacteria Myobacterium Tuberculosis were released at the time of tuberculosis sufferer coughs, and children on the source of infection is generally derived from adult tuberculosis patients. This is often when bacteria enter and collect in the lungs will breed a lot (especially on the body's resistance with a low), and can spread through the blood vessel or lymph gland. That's why it's TB infection can infected almost all organs such as lung, brain, kidney, alimentary tract, bone, lymph gland, and others, but the organs most often affected is the lungs.

When Mycobacterium tuberculosis successful infected our lungs, it will quickly grow bacteria colonies in the globular (rounded). Usually through a series of reactions imunologis TB bacteria will try to delay through the wall around the bacteria cells by tuberculosis. Mechanism for the formation of the walls that create a network in a network surrounding scar and TB bacteria becomes dormant (resting). Dormant forms of this is seen as the actual examination tubercel on the image rays.

On some people with good immune system, this form will remain dormant throughout his life. Whereas in those with immune systems that are less, the bacteria will experience Maintenance tuberkel increased so much. Tuberkel of this form a lot of space in the lungs. This space will become a source of production of sputum (phlegm). Someone who has been producing sputum can be estimated are experiencing growth in excess tuberkel positive and infected with TB.

The increasing spread of infection has been reported at this time, many linked to several conditions, among others, declining social and economic conditions, have not been optimal public health service facilities, increasing the number of people who do not have a place to stay and the epidemic of HIV infection. Besides, the resistance of the body is weak / decrease, virulensi and the number of bacteria is a factor that play an important role in the occurrence of TB infection.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis
Symptoms of TB disease can be divided into general symptoms and specific symptoms that arise according to the organ involved. Clinical picture is not very typical, especially in the case of new, so quite difficult to enforce the diagnostic clinic.
Symptoms of systemic / general
* Fever is not so high that lasts a long time, usually felt at night with night sweat. Sometimes the attacks, such as fever and influenza are missing arise.
* A decrease in appetite and body weight.
* Coughing, coughing for more than 3 hours (can be accompanied by blood).
* The do not feel (malaise), weakness.

Specific symptom
Depending on which organs are affected, if there is stopple part bronkus (channel leading to the lungs) due to the emphasis lymph gland that up, will vote "ngikk..ngik..", the voice that comes out of breath shortness.
* If there is liquid in cavity pleura (wrapping the lungs), can be accompanied with chest pain complaints.
* If the bone, the symptoms will occur such as infection of the bone at a time can form a channel and empty on the skin above it, at the mouth of the exit liquid pus.
* In children about the brain (layer wrapping the brain) and referred to as meningitis (brain peritonitis), the symptoms are high fever, a decrease in awareness, convulsions and cramps.

In the patient who does not cause the child symptoms, TB can be detected if there is contact with adult TB patients. Approximately 30-50% of children in contact with adult tuberculosis patients TB test results tuberkulin positive. At the age of the child 3 months - 5 years of living the same house with people with TB tuberculosis with BTA positive adults, 30% reported being infected based on serologi / blood.

Credit Diagnosis
If someone suspected contagious TB disease, then some of the things that need to be done to establish the diagnosis are:
* Anamnesa both of patients and their families.
* Physical examination.
* Laboratory examinations (blood, sputum, fluid brain).
* Checking anatomy pathology (PA).
* Roentgen chest (thorax photo).
* Test tuberkulin.